Women who take a break in their careers to have children are likely to earn less than men, according to the latest report by the Institute of Fiscal Studies.

Over the 12 years after having a baby the hourly pay rate for women is 33 percent lower than men, with men being 40 percent more likely to be promoted into management roles.

Robert Joyce, one of the authors of the report, said the wage slowdown is gradual:

“Women who work half-time lose out on subsequent wage progression, meaning that the hourly wages of men (and of women in full-time work) pull further and further ahead.”

Women on average earn 18 percent less than men, a big improvement on the 28 percent gap in 1993.

23/08/2016