Canada has become the world’s second country to legalise the possession and recreational use cannabis. Whilst medical marijuana has been legal in the country since 2001, Justin Trudeau’s government have been working towards this including recreational marijuana. According to an Associated Press survey of the province, 111 legal cannabis shops are planning to open across the country on the first day of legalisation. The first country to legalise marijuana was Uruguay in 2013. It will be illegal to possess over 30 grams in public, grow more than four plants per household and to buy from an unlicensed dealer. In 2015, Canadians were estimated to have spent about C$6 billion (£3.4 billion) on cannabis – this al almost as much as was spent on wine. Tom Clarke, 43, opened his shop in Canada at midnight to start selling cannabis as soon as possible. “I am living my dream. Teenage Tom Clarke is loving what I am doing with my life right now,” he said. The Canadian Medical Association Journal published an editorial on Monday, which called legalisation “a national, uncontrolled experiment in which the profits of cannabis producers and tax revenues are squarely pitched against the health of Canadians”. Trudeau said: “We’re not legalising cannabis because we think it’s good for our health. We’re doing it because we know it’s not good for our children.” “We know we need to do a better job to protect our children and to eliminate or massively reduce the profits that go to organized crime,” he added on the eve of the reform. A senior government official said that people with a record will be allowed to apply for a pardon.  

Uber may be targeting a $120 billion (£91 billion) valuation in a stock market flotation planned for next year. According to the Wall Street Journal, banks who are hoping to run the float have told the ride-hailing app to aim for this high valuation. Uber’s float is likely to be the most highly anticipated listing of next year. If it is valued to highly, it will be worth three times more than Ford (NYSE: F) and over twice as much as the electric car firm Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA). In April, Uber was valued at $72 billion. This was after the Toyota (TYO: 7203) invested $500 million into the group and teamed up on developing driverless cars. If Uber does debut at $120 billion, it will be the biggest since the Alibaba Group of China began trading back in 2014. Uber and Lyft are both planning flotations for 2019. Kathleen Smith, a principal at Renaissance Capital, said: “The first ride-sharing I.P.O. will get a lot of attention, so I think there’s some marketing value to being the first one out of the gate.” Lyft recently picked JPMorgan Chase (LON: JMC) to lead its own initial public offering. Earlier this year Apple and Amazon both reached trillion-dollar valuations.

British American Tobacco (LON: BATS) has warned that its full-year earnings growth has fallen 7%. In a trading update released on Tuesday, the FTSE 100 company said blamed the fall in earnings on currency headwinds. expected revenue from products including e-cigarettes and tobacco-heating devices is down from £1 billion to £900 million. Chief executive Nicandro Durante said: “I am delighted with the progress we are making with our Potentially Reduced Risk Products business and we have a great pipeline of new product launches over the coming months which will build on this success.” “At the same time, our combustible tobacco business continues to perform well. We remain on track for a strong performance in 2018,” he added. Graham Spooner, investment research analyst at The Share Centre, said: “BAT is a share with an excellent long-term track record but it has come under pressure this year and hit a four-year low last week.” “But overall the group stated that it continues to perform well and is still is confident to achieve good adjusted revenue growth mainly as a result of its strategic brand portfolio,” he added. Shares fell 1.4% to 3,283p in morning trading. They are currently trading down 3.17% at 3,225p.

Aldi and Lidl are continuing to perform strongly and gain market share. Data from Kantar Worldpanel showed that in the 12 weeks to 7 October, the big four supermarkets lost market share. Aldi’s share grew from 6.8% to 7.6%, whilst Lidl saw a growth in market share from 5.2% to 5.6% thanks to a growth in sales. Tesco (LON: TSCO), Sainsbury’s (LON: SBRY) and Asda lost market shares, whilst Morrissons (LON: MRW) kept its 10.3% stake. Co-op also saw an increase in growth, with market share increasing from 6.2% to 6.4%. “Consumer spending often slows in early autumn, after the excesses of summer barbecues and before the festive season kicks off,” said Fraser McKevitt, head of retail and consumer insight at Kantar Worldpanel. “The arrival of colder weather and darker evenings has inspired consumers to embrace hearty comfort foods and stock up on Sunday roast staples,” he added. UK consumers are preparing for Christmas early, with over £4 million being spent on mince pies in September alone. On Tesco’s new discount supermarket that hopes to take on Aldi and Lidl, McKevitt said: “the small number of stores planned means it won’t have an impact on Tesco’s market share without a significant expansion”. The first Jack’s supermarket opened in September and promised to be the “cheapest in town”. “We will be the cheapest in town. There are full-range, full-service supermarkets, and clearly people want that, but there is a gap in terms of people wanting smaller, simpler, quicker shops and local produce,” said Tesco’s chief executive, Dave Lewis. Between 10 – 15 Jack’s stores will open in the next six months.

Scottish Power is to become the first of the big six energy companies to use 100% wind generation. Following the £700 million sale of Drax power station, Scottish Power will no longer be relying on fossil fuels in a bid to tackle climate change. “We are leaving carbon generation behind for a renewable future powered by cheaper green energy,” said the group’s chief executive, Keith Anderson. The energy company now produces all power from wind farms, including the offshore wind farm in East Anglia One, will open in 2020 and be the world’s largest. Ignacio Galan, the chairman of Scottish Power’s Spanish owner, Iberdrola (BME: IBE), said: “Iberdrola is acting now to cut carbon emissions 30% by 2020 and be carbon neutral by 2050. The sale of these generation assets is consistent with our strategy.” Over the past ten years, Scottish Power has closed all of its coal plants. The firm’s five million domestic customers will still be supplied with a mix of green and brown electricity. Kate Blagojevic, who is the UK head of energy at Greenpeace, said: “Big utilities across Europe have been shedding their dirty fossil fuel infrastructure because it makes economic and environmental sense. This move by Scottish Power shows that the same maths adds up in the UK too.” “Climate science could not be clearer that renewables are the future for powering our world. We need the government to give renewable energy industry its full backing rather than propping up the fossil fuel and nuclear companies,” she added. Drax will see a boost to profit, adding an estimated £90 million -£110 million profit in 2019. The chief executive of Drax Group (LON: DRX), Will Gardiner, said: “As the system transitions towards renewable technologies, the demand for flexible, secure energy sources is set to grow. We believe there is a compelling logic in our move.”

Lloyds (LON:LLOY) share price continued its decline on Tuesday as it broke through 57p for the first time since late 2016. Lloyds share price has been in a steady decline since January 2018 when the stock formed a double top in the 73p area. A culmination of fears over Brexit and a slowdown in the UK economy has hit Lloyds shares and the rest of the UK banking sector with those earning a greater proportion of their revenue in the UK being hit the hardest. Lloyds trades at a significantly cheaper 12-month trailing price-to-earnings ratio than FTSE 100 peer HSBC plc which trades at 17.2x earnings. Lloyds now trades at 10.7x historical earnings. The global exposure of HSBC gives the bank a greater degree of diversification than Lloyds which earns the majority of its revenue in the UK.

UK weakness

However, some investment managers point to the underlying strength of HSBC’s financials as reason for positive sentiment surrounding the stock. Steve Clayton, manager of the HL Select UK Income Shares fund said of recent results: “Financially HSBC is in a strong place, with a common equity tier 1 ratio of 14% and an advances to deposits ratio of just 72%. “The group has announced another quarterly dividend of 10 cents per share, exactly as expected.” HSBC’s common equity tier 1 ratio of 14% compares to 13.9% of Lloyds so the marginal difference in recent measures of financial soundness suggests the market could be pricing Lloyds for deterioration in the near future. This is likely to stem from the uncertainty created by Brexit and a softening in the UK housing market. According to data from Halifax, average house prices fell 1.4% in September. This came after recent news that mortgage activity was slowing across the UK.

UK Housing market

Lloyd’s has a £267m exposure to the UK housing market through its open mortgage book with an average loan to value of 43.5%. The health of its mortgage book has been good in recent years as the UK economy steadily expands and house price increases. However, interest rate hikes and a reduction in overseas cash flowing into the UK property market has hit house prices and any further pullback could see recent buyers in negative equity and a souring of Lloyd’s mortgage book. As of June 2018, 1.5% of Lloyd’s mainstream mortgages were in arrears of more than 3 months.

Following the controversy over Italy’s budget for next year, Italian ministers are “extremely happy” with the final plans. All that is left now is to wait and see if European Commission chooses to accept it. During a press conference yesterday evening, Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini commented: “I am extremely happy, we are keeping our promises, slowly but bravely. We are dismantling the previous pension law, giving back the right to work at 400,000 Italians (young people able to pick up the jobs vacated by older people who could retire earlier). We are not raising taxes of any kind for 2019.”

Italy’s budget was submitted ahead of the midnight deadline yesterday.

It includes controversial policies that had been promised by both sides of the coalition during the general election in March. Plans include boosting welfare spending, cutting taxes and altering unpopular pension reforms of 2011. Additionally, Italy’s budget aims to raise the retirement age and set forth a new basic income. “We are keeping all our promises, we are very happy with this budget,” Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said. “This is the outcome of a lot of work and a lot of meetings that we have transparently made public. We have worked on a project, more than on a budget, we have worked on a project that the country needs, that citizens need. And, best of all, we are keeping the accounts in order, and delivering on our promises at the same time.” Since the end of September, we have seen tensions rising between Rome and Brussels. Ever since the coalition announced a budget deficit equaling 2.4% of Italian GDP, Brussels have been concerned. Despite the figure being under the EU’s limit of 3% of GDP, Italy’s debt stands second to Greece in Europe at 131% of national output. Indeed, whilst deputy Prime Minister Di Maio insists the budget will “abolish poverty”, it fails to meet the EU’s budget rules. Additionally, the increasing deficit is incredibly risky given Italy’s crippling amount of public debt.

Italy’s budget could have a tremendous impact on the Euro zone economy as it is the third-largest European economy.

In fact, since the EU backlash began, the euro has fallen and Italian shares and bonds have experienced a sharp sell-off. Moreover, at one point, Milan’s FTSE MIB was at its weakest level in 18 months at 2.4%. Throughout the process, Salvini has criticised the European Commission: “The Enemies of Europe are those sealed in the bunker of Brussels.” But, after some attempts to compromise, Italy’s budget has now been submitted. All that is left now is for the European Commission to assess it and decide whether to accept or reject the plans.

The chancellor can only end austerity by borrowing £19 billion or if Britain’s tax burden is raised. In the event of the latter, Britain’s tax burden will need to be raised to the highest level for almost 70 years. This was warned by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS). The IFS have warned that even the minimal definition of “ending austerity” would cost the chancellor £19 billion at the very least. Moreover, the IFS said that there was virtually no prospect of a “Brexit dividend” for the public finances. It also predicted that the UK’s economic growth will remain weak for a further two years.

The warning comes just weeks before the chancellor is set to announce the winter budget.

Indeed, the IFS has set out only two methods chancellor Philip Hammond can end austerity. First, this can be achieved by significantly increasing tax. Next, by borrowing such a vast amount of money that Hammond can no longer commit to eliminating deficit. IFS Director, Paul Johnson, has said the decision will “probably be the biggest non-Brexit related decision this chancellor will make”. “He has a big choice,” “He could end austerity, as the prime minister has suggested.” “But even on a limited definition of what that might mean would imply spending £19 billion a year more than currently planned by the end of the parliament. An increase of that size is highly unlikely to be compatible with his desire to get the deficit down towards zero.” “Alternatively, the chancellor could stick to his guns on the deficit and leave many public services to struggle under the strain of a decade and more of cuts.” “He could reconcile these demands by raising taxes, and in principle there are plenty of good options.” However, Boris Johnson has said that it is less likely the government will increase taxes. “Increasing borrowing is clearly the line of least resistance,” “If I had to guess I would guess borrowing will be higher than the number in the spring statement.”

Contactless payments are now more popular than the traditional chip-and-pin transactions. This is the first time this has happened in the UK, according to the payment processing company Worldpay. Worldpay is the processor for a variety of large and small businesses globally. It was the UK’s largest payment processing company before it was purchased for 9.3 billion by American rival Vantiv. The two now operate as a combined group with head quarters in Cincinnati. According to Worldpay, contactless payments exceeded chip-and-pin back in June. Indeed, 51% of in-store card transactions were paid via contactless. This figure rose to 52% in July.

The data showed that the use of contactless payments rose by a sharp 30% from June 2017 to June 2018.

One reason for the growing use of the hassle-free form of payment is an increase of its upper limit. Indeed, the upper limit on transactions has risen to £30. This, in conjunction with an increased number of businesses accepting the payment method, has driven its popularity. Some of the main businesses to see a move to chip-and-pin payments are fashion retailers, Worldpay revealed. This is followed by betting shops and department stores. Executive vice president at Worldpay, Steve Newton, commented: “The rise of contactless is part of a bigger story: it’s not simply about tap and go – it’s about convenience and reducing the parts of the shopping experience that customers find irritating, like queuing and waiting to pay.” Both contactless and chip-and-pin payments overtook cash transactions for the first time last year. British Retail Consortium figures show that last year card payments accounted for more than half of all UK retail transactions. This year, contactless payments have exceeded chip-and-pin. More and more businesses are accepting the method and advances such as Apple Pay are making contactless transactions easier than ever. At 16:39 GMT -4 yesterday, shares in Worldpay Inc (NYSE:WP) were trading at -1.66%.